Trends in Antibiotic Resistance and Correlations of Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance in a Small Hospital in El Paso, Texas 2013-2015

Christopher Robert Olivas, University of Texas at El Paso

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health threat, primarily, resulting from the excess and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance and antibiotic consumption trends may differ along the U.S-Mexico border from the rest of the U.S. due to geographical and cultural differences unique to the border region. The objectives of this study were: 1.) To examine the trends in antibiotic resistance among E. coli, ESBL producing E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and MRSA over a 3-year period (2013, 2014, 2015) in a U.S.-Mexico border area hospital; 2.) To examine the trends in antibiotic consumption among aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and levofloxacin over a 3-year period (2013, 2014, 2015) in a U.S.-Mexico border area hospital; 3.) To determine if a correlation exists between the consumption of these antibiotics and antibiotic resistance trends seen in a U.S.-Mexico border area hospital. This study employed a retrospective analysis of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic consumption data in a small border area hospital in El Paso, Texas to determine if a correlation existed between the two variables for the time-period of 2013-2015. The results of this study identified statistically significant increases in resistance for E. coli to aztreonam (p-value <0.0001), cefazolin (p-value <0.0001), cefepime (p-value <0.0001), ceftriaxone (p-value <0.0001), and ciprofloxacin (p-value 0.001). A statistically significant increase in resistance for MRSA to gentamicin was also identified (p-value 0.044). Statistically significant decreases in resistance were identified for ESBL producing E. coli to gentamicin (p-value 0.002) and for S. aureus to the following antibiotics: ciprofloxacin (p-value 0.023), levofloxacin (p-value 0.018), and penicillin (p-value 0.021). No correlations were identified between any of the susceptibilities of the bacterial species and the antibiotic consumption data analyzed.

Subject Area

Microbiology

Recommended Citation

Olivas, Christopher Robert, "Trends in Antibiotic Resistance and Correlations of Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance in a Small Hospital in El Paso, Texas 2013-2015" (2018). ETD Collection for University of Texas, El Paso. AAI10811712.
https://scholarworks.utep.edu/dissertations/AAI10811712

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